大科学的模式转换——从“研究与开发”到“开发与研究”

The Conversion of the Pattern of the Mega-science——from R&D to D&R

P.M.布拉克的基础科学→应用研究→技术转化的线性模式虽然最终导致了开发,但它在新的形势下显得过分简单化了。如今,研究与开发越来越多地被看做本身就是开发与研究,R＆D变成了D＆R。一个"世界级的科学和技术事业"将会遵循所选择的领域发展,而不是等待机遇。研究领域的开发需要设计,需要明确的工程上的各种活动和正确观察事物各方面关系的能力。传统的研究与开发预算这块"馅饼"在大科学时代将会转变为开发与研究的"层状蛋糕"。

The linear pattern of the development of science seems to be excessively simplified under new circumstance although it finally leads to exploitation. Actually, R&D is more and more considered to be exploitation itself, R&D turns into D&R. A world-class science and technology will keep to the selected domain, but not wait for opportunities. The domain of research needs the design and perspective. In mega-science epoch, the traditional R&D 'pie' will become D&R 'layer cake'.