自我设限及其研究范型和影响因素

The Self-Handicapping Strategy: It's Paradigm and It's Correlational Variables

自我设限是指个体针对可能来到的失败威胁而事先设计障碍以自我保护或自我提升。自我设限可细分为行为的自我设限、声称的自我设限以及抬举他人,但缺乏对这三种策略的机制、前置因素和后续结果的比较研究。影响自我设限的因素主要有任务性质、评价情境以及性别、自尊、归因倾向等,但对自我设限动机的探讨应更多考察评价情境与其他中介变量的交互作用,以及内隐自尊对自我设限的影响。

Self-handicapping is a strategy of self-protection or self-enhancement in the face of an evaluation threat. Self-handicapping can be divided into three categories, that are behavioral self-handicapping, claimed self-handicapping and other-enhancement strategy, but what are the mechanisms, antecedent variables and consequences underlying the three categories is little known. Since the self-handicapping paradigm was established, many researchers have been exploring situational variables and personal variables which may influence self-handicapping, such as the task quality, evaluativeness, gender, self-esteem, attributional style etc, but the study of the motives of self-handicapping should emphasize the interaction of the evaluativeness and the other mediate factors, and should further explore the effect of implicit self-esteem.