态度改变的睡眠者效应研究概述

A Review of the Research on Sleeper Effect in West Countries

睡眠者效应是态度改变研究中一个有趣而反常的现象,是指在态度改变过程中,说服效果随着时间的推移不降低反而提高的一种现象。从霍夫兰1949年首次命名以来,对睡眠者效应研究的范围不断扩大,数量不断增多,研究逐渐深入。三种具有影响力的理论解释得以提出:线索分离假说、差别衰退假说和有用性-有效性假说。睡眠者效应产生的条件也被反复探究。当前对睡眠者效应研究的趋势是探索睡眠者效应的内在机制,并将其整合到统一的态度改变研究中去,同时展开睡眠者效应的应用研究。该文沿着历史的脉络,叙述了睡眠者效应研究中提出的理论,存在的争议和未来研究的趋势。.

The sleeper effect is an intriguing and counter-intuitive phenomenon in the field of attitude change, which describes a persuasive influence that increases, rather than decays, over time. The research of the sleeper effect has made great progress in term of the scope, quality and profundity since first named by Hovland etc. in 1949. Three prevailing theoretical explanations have been advanced and tested: Dissociative Cue Hypothesis, Differential Decay Hypothesis, Availability-Valence Hypothesis. Conditions for observing the sleeper effect have been debated. The tendency of the future research is exploring the mechanism underlying the sleeper effect, integrating the sleeper effect into more general models of attitude change theories, applying the sleeper effect to the practices. In this article, the evolvement on sleeper effect research in west countries was reviewed within the theories advanced, the controversies raised and the trend of intending research.