运动员心理选材的遗传学基础

The Genetical Foundation of Talent Selection in Sport by Psychology

采用文献综述法对心理指标的遗传问题做了研究,从而为运动员的心理选材提供遗传学的支撑.心理指标的遗传属于数量遗传,目前国内外的研究大都采用双生子之间相关的研究范式和收养子女与其生父母的相关以及其养父母的相关的研究范式,来估计心理指标的遗传度.大量的研究显示,人格的遗传度的范围为0.40~0.60;智力的遗传度在0.40~0.70之间,而其他心理指标的遗传度研究较少.在心理选材时,还应特别注意遗传因素与年龄的关系,因为遗传度随年龄的增长而发展变化.

This paper reviewed the researches on heritability of psychological traits by behavior genetics for Talent Selection in Sport by Psychology. We should find the psychological traits, which are affected more by gene than by environment in talent selection in sport by psychology. Heredity of psychological traits is quantitative heredity. Researchers usually estimate heritabilities of psychological traits in two paradigms: (1) twin study (2) adoption and family study. They found that the heritability of personality is from .40 to .60 and the heritability of intelligence is from 0.40 to 0.70. But heredity researches of other psychological traits were few. Otherwise age is very important factor both in heredity research and in talent selection in sport by psychology, because heritability varies in one抯 lifespan.