无明本性与昭明德性——论熊十力形上信念的抉择

On Xiong Shi-li's Pursuit of a Metaphysical Faith

熊十力先生的思想有一个由佛归儒的过程。依据熊先生晚年著作《存斋随笔》,通过对儒佛两家两个原创概念“昭明”与“无明”的分析,认为熊对儒佛二家思想在学理上的抑扬根基于其形上信念的抉择:在佛家以“无明”为人与世之根本特征和儒家以“昭明”为人与世之根本特征的形上信念抉择中,熊先生亲近了后者,疏远了前者。这种相对的亲近与疏远而不是绝对的执着和抛弃根源于宇宙人生证验的二重性,它决定了熊先生学兼儒佛而归于《易》的基本立场。

Xiong Shi-li's pursuit of faith underwent a transformation, i.e. from Buddhism to Confucianism. Through an analysis of the two original Confucian and Buddhist concepts of zhaoming (awareness or knowledge) and avidya (ignorance),the paper holds that Xiong Shi-li's gradual preference of Confucianism to Buddhism was based upon his choice of a metaphysical faith: he alienated himself from Buddhism whose idea of avidya depicted the major relationship between man and the world and affiliated himself with Confucianism whose idea of zhaoming also characterized the fundamental relationship between man and the world. Such a preference and alienation, instead of absolute persistence and rejection, originated from his experience about the duality of the universe and human life, which led to his mastery of both the Buddhist and Confucian ideas and to his ultimate affiliation with the thinking contained in I Ching or Book of Changes.