元明清时期甘青地区的土司制

The System of Appointing Ethnic Minority Hereditary Headmen in Gansu and Qinghai Pronvices During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

土司制是元明清三代管理少数民族地区的一项重要措施，但由于《明史·土司传》未收甘青地区的土司，导致一些学者误认为甘青地区元、明时尚没有土司，这是不符合历史实际的。作者认为元、明、清三代甘青地区不仅有数以百计的土司，前后相承，衔接清楚，有自身形成的条件和特点，而且其建制多有创意。

:The system of appointing ethnic minority herediary Headmen is an important measure for administering ethnic regions. Because of abence of biography of the ethnic hereditary headmen, Some scholars misconsider that there was no ethnic minorty hereditary headmen in Gansu and Qinghai during Yuan and Ming Dynasties and this is inconsistent with the historical fact. The anthor shows that there were hundreds of ethnic hereditary headmen in Gansu and Qinghai during Yuan, ming and Qing dynasties, which had a connecting link between the preceding and the following, the conditions and characteristics of the formation of itself. Furthermore, many aspects of its organizational system stemed from the creative thought of the central govermment to administer the minority groups in northwest in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynastiecs.