巫术与心理治疗的意义场域同构——以侗族、彝族的巫术个案为例

The Magic and the Psychotherapy Have the Same Structure in Their Meaning and Field ——Taking the Magics of Dong and YiPeoples as Examples

巫术在中国少数民族文化中占有很重要的地位。虽然巫术与心理治疗的文化基础与心理基础有所不同,但有的巫术确实起到了心理治疗的作用。这个现象可以用“场域”理论的观点作出解释。巫术与心理治疗技术虽然属于不同的文化背景和文化观念,但从场域论的视角来看,其内在的“关系”、“位置”、“习性”、“资本”之间互动与运作的规则却有着相当的一致性。将心理科学与民间巫术相互渗透不失为改革巫术民俗的一条可行之路。

The magic takes a very important place in the culture of minority ethnics in China. Although the magic and the psychotherapy have different cultural and psychological bases, some magics have the same effect as the psychotherapy does. This phelomelon can be explained by the 'field' theory. According to this theory, although the magic and the psychotherapy base on different cultural background and conception, they obey some common rules in their interaction and operation concerning the following aspects such as 'relationship', 'place', 'habit' and 'capital' etc. Therefore, it is a practical solution to reform the magic customs with the introduction and intervention of psychological science.