美国关于危机管理的理论与实践——以中美关系为例

Theory and Practice of Crisis Management in the United States —A Case Study of U.S.-China Crisis Management

美国从冷战时期开始就逐渐发展起一套危机管理的理论、机制和方式。中美危机管理是美国在国际政治中进行危机管理的重要组成部分。美国政府在中美危机管理中既运用其一般意义的危机管理理论和机制 ,也有一些独特的指导思想和方式。这些对中美危机控制的实践有重要影响。冷战结束后 ,中美两国在实践中都积累了一些危机管理经验 ,并开始建立某些危机管理机制。由于政治制度、文化、传统的不同 ,中美两国现有危机管理机制差异较大 ,需要较长时间的磨合与适应。影响中美危机管理的主要因素包括 :实力对比与国家利益的关系、危机的结构、各自国家的对外战略、国内政治因素、盟国和盟友关系。

Starting with the Cold War, the United States has gradually developed a set of theories, mechanisms and methods of crisis management. U.S. China crisis management is an important component of U.S. crisis management in international politics. In managing U.S. China crises, the U.S. government has not only employed general theory and mechanism of crisis management, but also developed some unique guidelines and methods. All these have made important impacts on the practices of U.S. China crisis control. Since the end of the Cold War, China and the United States have accumulated in practice some experiences in crisis management and have begun to establish mechanisms to control the damages. However, because of the differences between their political systems, cultures and traditions, the current mechanisms of crisis management of the two countries are very different. It will take a long time for them to adapt to each other in this field. The main factors affecting U.S. China crisis management include the gap between their respective national strength and national interests, structures of crisis, international strategies of the two countries, domestic politics, alliances and coalitions, cultures, and values.