温度对花生出苗、幼苗生长及开花的影响

Effects of Temperature to Seed Emergence,Seedling Growth and Anthesis of Peanut

大田错期播种试验结果表明,温度升高,花生出苗期和幼苗期缩短,干物质积累加快。温度与花生出苗速度的关系可用指数方程y=aebx描述,在14～23℃范围内,日均气温每升高1℃,花生出苗期约缩短1.5 d。温度与花生幼苗期长短的关系可用直线方程y=a+bx来描述,在19～23℃范围内,日均气温每升高1℃,花生幼苗期缩短2.0～2.5 d。花生开花适宜的温度为24～25℃。当日均气温>25℃或<24℃时,开花量明显下降。温度高,花生开花相对集中,开花后很快达到高峰,高峰期花量多,花期短;温度低,花生开花进程放慢,花量相对分散,花期拉长。在日均气温22～27℃范围内,温度每升高1℃,花期缩短3～4 d。

Field staggering sowing experiment results showed that the. period of seed emergence and seedling stage became short and dry matter accumulation rate speeded up as air temperature increased. The relationship between seed emergence rate and air temperature can be expressed by equation of y=aebx. The period of seed emergence will be shortened one and half day with every increase of 1℃ within 14-23℃ and the seedling stage will be shortened two to two and half days with every increase of 1℃ within 19-23℃ which fit to the equation of y = a+bx. The optimum air temperature for anthesis was 24-25℃. When the average air temperature was higher than 25℃ or lower than 24℃ , the flowering number decreased obviously. The high temperature could concentrate the flowering time, move up the flowering peak time, increase the flower number at peaking time and shorten the flowering period. Low temperature could slow the anthesis, disperse the number of flowers and elongate the flowering period. The flowering stage would be shortened three to four days with every increase of 1℃ within 22-27℃.