人的需要即人的本性——从马克思的需要理论说起

Human Need Is Human Nature

马克思从有生命的个人的存在以及受肉体组织制约的他们与自然界的关系出发,即从人的需要以及求得满足的方式———生产方式出发来理解人的生命活动的性质,成为合理理解现实的人和各种社会现象的基础。人的需要是由人的本性决定的,而人的本性在马克思那里展现为三重生命的存在,即:"人直接地是自然存在物";"个人是社会存在物";人是"自由的有意识的活动"的存在物。人的本性的需要,实质上是主体人的内在价值的尺度,这通过人的经验事实可以得到合理说明。

Marxs understanding of human need and the way of its satisfaction is the foundation of understanding man of realistic world and various social phenomena. Human need is decided by human nature, and human nature is revealed as three levels of life existence according to Marx: Man is directly of natural existence; Individual is of social existence; Man is existence of free and conscious activities. The need of human nature is virtually the standard of subjective human internal value, which may be explained in the facts of human experiences.