假借字与汉语对日语的影响

Phonetic Loan Characters and Chinese Influence on Japanese

日本是原本没有文字而至今还根深蒂固地借用别国文字的少数国家。汉语对日语的影响有几千年的历史,其最主要的特点是对汉字和汉语词汇的借用。日本人可谓是学习汉语的最优等生,借用汉字的同时不断地把它融入自己的语言之中,假借汉语给与日语的读音,有时还给它增添新意,使之成为日语中不可缺少的重要部分。本文以实例对日文借用汉语的历史演变过程和特点进行了综述和分析,进一步对这种现象的发展进行了理论性的推测。通过这种研究可以揭示日语形成过程中的文化性特点。

Originally,Japan didn't have characters.Now the borrowed characters from other countries are still deep-rooted in Japanese.It is thousands of years that Chinese influenced on Japanese.The main characteristic is to borrow Chinese characters and Chinese vocabulary.The Japanese are the best Chinese learners for they can understand Chinese well.They borrowed Chinese characters and put them into their own language constantly.Some Chinese characters can be borrowed as ideographs with new meanings and others as phonographies,they are absolutely necessary in Japanese.This dissertation takes some examples to summarize and analyze the characteristics and process that Chinese was borrowed in Japanese formation.This dissertation also makes further theoretic conjecture on the phenomenon.We can reveal the cultural characteristics in the process of Japanese formation by such studies.