彝语指示代词ko^(33)的语法化历程

Grammaticalization of Yi Language′s Indicating Pronoun ko^(33)

凉山彝语(即彝语北部方言)ko33本来是一个指示代词,指代动作所关涉的对象或动作的地点,后来逐渐语法化,产生了三种语法功能:一是作为结构助词表示句子成分或分句间的结构关系;二是作为体貌标记,表示动作行为进行或持续的体貌方式;三是跟动词粘得很紧,有点像动词前缀。这三个方向的语法化过程不是分离的而是连贯进行的,且其间的边界是模糊的,易变的,这也是语法化过程的普遍特征。本文就ko33的句法功能、虚化的过程及诱因、不同词类间的关系进行了描写。

Originally,as an indicating pronoun in Liangshan Yi language (northern dialect of Yi language),ko33 indicates the objects and places the actions refer to.Then it grammaticalized gradually.It has three grammatical functions after grammaticalization:1.As a structural particle,it shows the relationship of sentence components or clauses.2.As an aspect marker,it indicates aspects of verbs.3.As a prefix of a verb,it integrates the verb into a whole.These three directional grammaticalizations are not independent but correlative,and their borderlines are indistinct and inconstant which are universal characteristics of the processes of grammaticalization.Syntactical functions,the processes and inducements of grammaticalization and the relationship of the different part of speeches would be described in this paper.