萨满面具类型刍议

On Types of Shaman Masks

萨满面具是指萨满在祭祀、治病、追魂、驱邪、求子、丧葬和狩猎巫术等神事活动中佩戴和使用的面具,以及信仰萨满教的民族供奉的作为神灵载体的面具。对面具进行科学的分类,是研究的基础。面具的功用为分类标准,同时考虑到面具的质地、造型等因素,可将其划分为四种类型,即狩猎面具、跳神面具、供奉面具和丧葬面具。

Shaman masks are not only masks wore and used by Shaman in religious actions,such as sacrifice,medical treatment,exorcising evil,bearing,funeral,hunting and witchcraft,but also masks as carriers of gods confessed by people who believe in Shaman.Scientific classification on Shamans is the foundation of study on Shaman.With classified standard as foundations of dominoes,simultaneously thinking about actors of textures and sculpts,we could classify Shaman dominoes four kinds as following:masks of hunting,masks of jumping gods,masks of confession,and masks of funerals.