从几则佚文看先秦诸子的言辞观及其趋同倾向

The Various Schools of Pre-Qin Scholars' Attitudes Toward the Use of Words and Their Conforming Tendency Seen in A Few Pre-Qin Anecdotes:

先秦诸子的思想和文风都表现出了强烈的趋异特征,然他们的言辞理念却表现出了明显的趋同倾向:在如何对待言辞运用的问题上,多倾向慎言甚至不言,在言辞风格的追求上,又多主张重质轻文甚至反文。这种言辞理念,不仅在诸子原典中有明确表述,而且在笔者所辑录的先秦佚文中有更集中的阐发。这一趋同现象的出现,与先秦诸子对言辞发展规律的反思、论辩之风的自省、民族心理的认同,有不可忽略的关系。

The thoughts and writing styles of the various schools of the Pre-Qin scholars are strongly characterized by their trying to be different form one another while their idesa about usage of words,a tendency toward conformity.About the question of the usage of words,most of them tend to be very careful of even to be wordless.In their pursuit of writing styles,their emphases are more on the quality rather than on the literary grace,or even against literary grace.Such ideas of word usage are not only clearly shown in their own words,but are more abundantly expressed in the Pre-Qin anecdotes the author compiled.It is the guess of the author that the rise of this conformity tendency probably connects with a review of the laws of word manipulation,an introspection of the common practice of debate,and the identity of national psychology.