列宁与苏维埃民主的最初形态

Lenin and the Initial Form of Soviet Decocracy

如果说俄国革命的无产阶级是苏维埃的直接创造者,那么发现苏维埃的意义,从理论上赋予它议会民主替代物之地位的则是列宁。列宁在苏维埃一出现就抓住了它的实质和核心,并在此后反复不断地进行经验的总结和理论的论证,凸显了一种迥异于议会民主的新民主模式。十月革命前后,列宁又依据俄国的政治现实,设计出了苏维埃的第一个实践模式。然而,苏维埃体制在随后的发展中没能按照预设的轨道运转,而是出现了游离与滑轨,从而形成了作为后来数十年因袭一贯的政治体制的基础。

If we say the proletariat in the Russian revolution is the immediate founder of the soviet system, we then must admit that It is Lenin who discovered its significance and gave it, in theory, the status of substitute for parliamentary democracy. Lenin grasped its essence and core as soon as the soviet system came into being, and made repeated summaries of his experience with it and expounded and proved it in theory making it a conspicuously new democratic model as completely different from parliamentary democracy. Before and after the October Revolution, Lenin designed the first practical model of the Soviet system on the basis of Russian political reality. But in the following years, the soviet system failed to operate along the line previously designed . It departed and went off its track and formed the basis of the political system that was later followed in dozens of years.