试论后现代主义思潮与后现代心理学

On Postmodernism and Postmodern Psychology

后现代主义思潮是一种具有多元性又具有某种一致性的思维方式,是一种企图解构和超越现代哲学和文化理念的思想潮流。它集中体现了西方哲人们对"现代"哲学的强烈不满情绪,同时也昭示了一种新的思维方式。这种思维方式以强调否定性、非中心化、不确定性、非连续性以及多元性为特征,而大胆的标新立异和彻底的反传统、反权威精神则是这种思维方式的灵魂。西方心理学存在的问题体现在以下几个方面:1.以实证主义为基础的研究思路;2.以机械论、还原论和自然论为基础的"人性假设";3.纯科学的价值中立观点。后现代心理学的观点主要有:放弃追求普适性,承认历史性和具体性;批评惟一性,提倡多元性和差异性;坚持心理学的中间学科地位。

Postmodernism is a thinking of pluralism and uniformity .It is a school aiming at explaining and surpassing modern philosophy and cultural concepts ,which mainly showed the great dissatisfaction of the Western philosophers towards the 'modern 'philosophy. It also makes clear to all about a new thinking style, which emphasizes negation, decentralization, uncertainty, discontinuity and pluralism. The essence of this thinking style is to create something boldly original, to go against the tradition and against authority. The problems of the Western psychology are as follows: research approach based on positivism ; ethology hypothesis based on mechanism,on reductional theory and on naturalism ; neutrality point of view of value of pure science.The main ideas of postmodernism are as follows :to give up pursuing of general adaptation ;to admit historical background and its specification ;to criticize uniqueness ,whereas to advocate pluralism and diversity ;to stick to the neutrality stand point of view of psychology .