现代科学中基于个体的新思维

Individual-based Paradigm of Thinking in Contemporary Science

在现代科学中,一种新的基于个体的思维方式受到越来越多的科学家的关注。与自上而下的分析范式以及强调中心因素主导作用的中心控制范式不同,基于个体的思维范式主要采取的是自下而上的综合策略:即从个体出发,重点模拟简单的单位,而不是复杂的单位;主要运用局部控制,而不是全局控制;让行为从底层突现出来,而不是自上而下地做出规定。基于个体的思维范式已经成为现代科学,特别是复杂性科学探索的一种新思维。

In contemporary science, a new way of thinking which is individual-based is paid attention to by more and more scientists. Differentiating from the analytical paradigm of thinking which goes from top down and the central-controlled paradigm of thinking which emphasizes the dominate roles of central factors, individual-based paradigm of thinking mainly takes bottom up or synthetic strategy: it tries to simulate individual units instead of one big complex unit; to use local control instead of global control; to let the behavior emerge from the bottom up, instead of being specified from the top down. This kind of individual-based modeling has already become an important thinking paradigm for contemporary science, especially for complex sciences.