上古汉语意义系统中的对立统一关系——兼论意义内涵的量化分析方法

On Unity of Opposite Relations in the Meaning System of Ancient Chinese

上古汉语的词汇及其意义有其内在系统,其中的重要内容之一就是在词的引申义及同源词意义中呈现出大量的、有系统的、有规律的、相对立而又相通的对应关系——对立统一关系。这种意义关系形成的原理,可以从人所认识的客观事物关系、运动发展规律、认识原理和词义引申规律四方面得到理性解释。在这些原理的探讨中,提出了词义内涵量化分析的方法——两极之中两种维度的量变运动描写。

In the vocabulary and its meaning system of ancient Chinese,there are opposite relations among the meanings of entended morphemes and cognate words which are called unity of opposite relations.These relations are large,systematic and regular.The principles of the relations can be explained in four fields:relations among objective things,lows of movations and developments ,principles of knowing,and the regularities of meaning movements.To explore the principles,the article advances a new method which can analyse and measure the meaning intersions,and is to be called description on the meaning movements between two poles and in two-dimensions in the meaning field.