从存在精神病学的创立到反精神病学主张的提出——莱因存在精神病学说之解读

From Existential Psychiatry to Anti-psychoitry

莱因本是英国著名的精神病学家,他把传统的精神分析学与存在主义哲学结合起来,创立了存在精神病学,从而成为存在分析学的当代主要代表。他提出要将精神病患者的特殊经验置于“在他世界中的存在”的前后关系之中来理解,并由此出发,进一步考察了精神分裂性个体的内部自身世界和外部关系世界。前者探讨的是分裂的自我,后者探讨的是自我与他人的社会关系。不过,最终他走向了反精神病学的立场。

R. D. Laing,a famous British psychiatrist, integrated traditional psychoanalysis with existential philosophy, and founded his theory of existential psychiatry. He therefore becomes one of the most important spokesmen of existential psychoanalysis. He holds that in order to understand the psychotic's special experiences, they should be placed in context of the being-in-his-world. Based on this viewpoint, he explores the schizophrenic individual's inner self world and outer relation world. The former explores the divided self, and the latter explores the social relation between self and other. But ultimately, R. D. Laing advocates the anti-psychiatry position.