城市化释义

Interpretation of Urbanization

21世纪是“城市世纪”。中国城市化与经济增长成正比,呈现高速发展趋势。城市是人类社会经济发展的必然结果、现代文明标志及创新的载体,是政治、经济、文化、教育和信息中心,具有集聚、规模和辐射等功能效应。2000余年来,城市内涵随历史发展不断丰富。城市化一词的出现至今也有百余年历史,不同学科对城市化理解不同。其实质是一个以人为中心、受众多因素影响的复杂多变的软硬件系统化过程,是从传统向现代全面转型和变迁过程。不仅是农业人口向非农、并向城镇的聚集,而且是城镇在空间数量、区域规模、功能作用诸方面的扩大,以及城市经济关系、居民生活方式改变的过程。城市化与城镇化、农村城市化、农村城镇化及城乡一体化等相关新概念有所区别。从区位论、结构论、人口迁移论、非均衡增长论到生态学派论,从梯度推移、增长极与地域生产综合论到产业集群论的演进,体现了城市化发展理论的深化。不同学者对城市化动力机制认识不同,但在“推拉”机制上形成共识。不同阶段和同一发展阶段的不同地区,中国城市化动力机制相异,而其相同点包括:农业工业化推动、比较利益驱动、农业剩余贡献和制度变迁促进等。

21st century is the century of urbanization. City is the result of development of social economy,whose meaning is getting wider. The substance of Urbanization is a complicated and various systematic process, as well as the process of change and transfer from tradition to modernization , which makes the hunan as the core affected by many factors . The theory of urbanization is going deeper .which has experienced the theories of district,instruction,migration,inequilibrium growth and ecology. The forces of China's urbanization is different in various stages and different area of same stage The forces of mutural understanding include agricultural industrialization,comparative benefit drive,agricultural surplus and institutional evolution,ect.