20世纪中国小说叙事之流变

The Changes of Narrative in Chinese Fiction of the 20th Century

20世纪中国小说有"国家叙事"与"日常叙事"两大叙事法则。"国家叙事"为主流,表现"人生飞扬",其共性强。30-40年代,国家叙事原创性强,有茅盾社会分析模式、丁玲意识形态模式、路翎现代心理模式;50-70年代,原创性弱,基本上是茅盾与丁玲二式整合为"史诗"模式;80-90年代,出现超越史诗,悲剧、象征、隐喻多样模式。"日常叙事",从苏曼殊、张爱玲到池莉、余华,表现"人生安稳",个性化强。两种叙事法则共同成就中国百年小说的辉煌。

There were two main narrative rulesnational narrative and secular narrative in Chines fiction of the 20th Century. The national narrativee was the main current, which expressed 'life' and stressed general character. In the 1930s and the 1940s national narrative brought forth new ideas, such as Mao Dun's sociological analysis, Ding Ling's ideological type and Lu Ling's modern psychological mode. From the 1950s to the1970s the originality was very weak, and there was basically the epic mode mixing Mao Dun's mode with Ding Ling's type. In the 1980s and 1990s there appeared so many types, such as transcending epic, tragedy, symbol and metaphor. From Shu Manshu, Zhang Aailing to Chi Li and Yu Hua, secular narrative expressed 'stablelife', strong personality. These two narrative rules have brought out many good novels in the last century.