废除科举制与中国社会的现代转型

The Abolition of Imperial Examination System and the Modern Transformation of Chinese Society

清末科举制已不能适应社会对科学文化的要求,不能满足时代对新型科技与管理人才的需求,并且严重地阻碍新式教育的发展,所以,在经过选官制度的变通作为过渡之后,科举制终于在"新政"中被废除。科举制废除之后,产生了一系列社会效应,主要有:现代教育制度的建立、现代科技事业的开创和新式知识分子群体的形成。废除科举制的重要意义在于清除了横亘在中国社会现代转型道路上的一个综合性障碍。这项成功的制度改革,无疑对于中国的现代化进程产生了积极的作用和深远的影响。

The imperial examination system in the late Qing Dynasty could no longer satisfy the social demands on science and culture, nor could it meet the need for scientific/ technological and managerial talents. Moreover, it severely hindered the development of new forms of education. Thus, after a period of transitional flexibility in the system of selecting officials, the imperial examination system was finally abolished. Thereafter, a series of social effects took place including the establishment of modern education system, the initiation of modern scientific and technological undertakings and the formation of newtype intellectual groups. The significance of the abolition lied in removing the comprehensive obstacle from the road of modern transformation of China. This successful reform had undoubtedly played a positive role in and exerted farreaching influence on the process of China's modernization.