村治过程中的宗族——对赣、皖10个村治理状况的一项综合分析

On the Clan in Process of Village Government:A Comprehensive Survey of the Present Conditions of 10 Villages in Jiangxi & Anhui Provinces

按西方主流理论 ,宗族作为“原始组织” ,将为“人工创立的社会组织”所取代 ,但在近 2 0年来我国农村宗族却出现了复兴的新情况。本文根据对 1 0个村治理状况的深度观察 ,从日常生活、村庄、行政村和村际关系等层面分析了宗族对村治的实际影响。指出 ,宗族在村治过程中发挥着双重性的功能 ,一方面 ,提供了较好的服务与帮助 ,填补了若干管理真空 ,避免了更严重的失范和无序 ,而且 ,强族组织与宗族集体意识成了抗拒行政权力不法侵害与剥夺的工具 ;但另一方面 ,宗族往往以狭隘的本族利益为归依 ,奉行着恃强欺弱的逻辑 ,并倡导男尊女卑 ,崇尚迷信。因此 ,不应简单地对宗族给以全面否定和肯定的结论。要构建农村治理的新秩序 ,虽然无法舍弃宗族 ,但是应当寻求新的资源和新的机制。

According to the Western mainstream theories, the clan is regarded as 'the primitive organization', which will be replaced by'the man-made society organization'. However, during the past tow decades, a revival of the clan in Chinese rural areas appears. This paper is based on the deep survey of the conditions of 10 villages, analyzing the affects of the clan on the village government concerning the every-day life, village site, administrative village and relationship among the villages, etc. Our research shows that the clan is playing the dual roles in the process of village government. It offers the village government the good service and assistance, fills the government vacancy, and succeeds in avoiding the serious disorder. And even the collective consciousness of the clan and its powerful organization is used as a means to resist the infringement upon or deprivation of the villagers' rights. On the other hand, the clan usually pursues the use-its-strength-to-bully-the-weak sense for the sake of its own narrow interests, preaches the inequality of men and women, and has blind faith in the superstition. So, we think, in the appraisal of the clan, it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. In order to construct the new order of the village government, it's of great importance to search for some new resources and new mechanism, though the clan cannot be discarded.