邵雍的天人关系说——兼评王夫之对邵雍的批判

SHAO Yong's Theory on the Relationship between Nature and Man

邵雍是北宋影响颇大的理学家 ,他的宇宙观主要是吸收了周敦颐的“太极”说和老子道家关于“道生一”的理论。邵雍认为宇宙生生变化的根据是“数” ,而这个“数”并非单纯数学意义上的序量 ,它是宇宙生生变化的机制 ,体现着“一”中的理。并由此而建构了著名的“加一倍法” ,以“数”的形式 ,说明宇宙生生变化由少而多 ,由简而繁 ,无穷无尽 ,永无止境的过程和规律。这表现了邵雍在天道观问题上向心性与理性方面的突破 ,而恰恰就是在这些方面引起了王夫之的激烈批判。

SHAO Yong was one of the New-Confucianists rather influential in the Northern Song dynasty. His worldview mainly assimilated the theory of “Taiji” from ZHOU Dunyi, and from the “dao sheng yi” theory of Laozi-taoism. SHAO Yong takes “shu” as the basis of the variety of Universe, and this “shu” is not a mathematical concept, but the mechanism of alteration in the universe, it incarnates the principle of “yi”, and thus shapes the idea of “the multiple increasing principle”. It also explains the principle according to the “shu” modality that the variety pattern of universe is from few to many, from simple to complex, which is an infinite process. It represents SHAO Yong's breakthrough in the aspects of centrality and logos on Taoism. It is this breakthrough that aroused WANG Fuzi's furious animadvert.