介孔纳米结构材料的研究与发展

Research and Development of Mesoporous Nanostructured Materials

综述了介孔材料的合成方法、分类、形成机理、形貌控制和应用。目前各种形状如球形、棒状、片状、螺旋形和绳形等形状的介孔材料已经采用溶胶-凝胶、自组装、微乳、反胶束和超声等方法合成出来。按化学组成介孔材料分为硅基和非硅介孔材料,硅基介孔材料已被很好地研究,相反,非硅介孔材料虽然有着广泛的应用前景但研究不多。介孔材料的几种形成机理已经被提出, 主要包括液晶模板和协同组装机理。作者也采用化学超声和反胶束方法制备出新奇的介孔二氧化钛粉末和薄膜材料, 其光催化活性明显高于普通二氧化钛粉末和薄膜材料。

Since the discovery of ordered mesoporous silica materials (MCM41) in 1992, mesoporous materials have become a hot spot in many research fields, such as catalysis, separation, adsorption, optics, electronics, etc. This paper reviews the synthesis, classification, formation mechanism, morphology control and application of mesoporous materials. Nowadays, various shaped mesostructured materials (spheres, rods, plates, spirals, ropes etc.) have been synthesized using the sol-gel, self-assembly, micro-emulsion, reverse micellar and sonochemical method etc. The mesoporous materials can be classified into silica-based and non-silica materials. Siliceous ordered mesoporous materials have been well investigated. On the other hand, less attention has been directed towards non-siliceous materials, although these could have more widespread applications. Several formation mechanisms have been proposed, including the liquid crystal templating (LCT) approach and the cooperative organization mechanism. We have prepared novel mesoporous TiO2 powders and thin films by the sonochemical and reversed mecellar methods. Their photocatalytic activity is significantly higher than those of ordinary TiO2 powders and thin films.