植物蛋白质组学研究进展

ADVANCES IN PLANT PROTEOMICS

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代功能基因组学研究的新兴学科和热点领域。该文简要介绍了蛋白质组学产生的科学背景、研究方法和研究内容。蛋白质组学研究方法主要有双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (2D_PAGE)、质谱(Mass_spectrometric)技术、蛋白质芯片 (Proteinchips)技术、酵母双杂交系统 (Yeasttwo_hybridsystem)、植物蛋白质组数据库等。其应用的范围包括植物群体遗传学、在个体水平上植物对生物和非生物环境的适应机制、植物的发育和组织器官的分化过程 ,以及不同亚细胞结构在生理生态过程中的作用等诸多方面。

Proteomics is one of the most active research fields in the post-genomic era. The concepts, research methods and major applications of proteomics in plant science are briefly introduced in this paper. The term 'proteomics' comes from two words, 'protein' and 'genome' and refers to the proteins expressed by the whole genome or the presence and action modes of all the proteins in a cell, tissue, organ, and whole organism. It is generally acknowledged that the field of plant proteomics was based much on the development and improvement of techniques and methods, such as two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-E), mass spectrometry (MS), protein chips, yeast two-hybrid system, and proteomic databases. In population genetics, proteomic techniques are helpful in studies of genetic diversity and mutation. In individual plants, proteomic studies are helpful in understanding the response of plants to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Proteomic differences among different plant tissues or organs could be used to better understand tissue differentiation and development of the plant embryo. Proteomic differences also exist between organelles in plant cells, and plant proteomic studies could be used to understand mechanisms that control many physiological processes. Different perspectives of proteomics were also discussed in this paper.