水资源约束下西北干旱区城市扩张特征与变动趋势分析——以西陇海兰新经济带城市为例

Analysis on the characteristic and the change trend of urban expansion restricted by water resources in the arid area of Northwest China—A case study of the cities in the Western Long Hai-Lan Xin Economic Zone

论文以西北干旱区陇海兰新经济带城市为例,分析了城市水资源利用状况及其短缺程度,认为绝大多数城市“缺水又费水”,城市发展具有明显的“旱生性”。在水资源约束下,西陇海兰新经济带城市的发育程度远远落后于东部地区城市,也落后于全国城市平均水平,略好于西部地区城市,但明显好于西北地区城市,城市扩张的总体特征表现为以总量扩张为主,“农转非”空间和用地拓展空间大,以高耗低效扩张为主,水土资源投入产出效益普遍低下,城市发展处在主要依靠资源开发拉动经济增长的低级阶段,扩张质量有待提高。城市发展具有明显的外部推动性。未来20a,在水资源短缺的继续约束下,经济带城市扩张步伐将比较缓慢,扩张幅度将不会有大的变化。表现为将净增城市非农业人口6.31×106人,城市化水平将提高到35.97%,20a共净增7.21%,特大城市数量将保持西安、兰州和乌鲁木齐3个不变;大城市从无到有,将建成宝鸡、咸阳、铜川、天水、石河子和库尔勒6个;中等城市数量将会显著增加,由2000年的10个增加到2020年的14个,在不考虑“县改市”的前提下,小城市的数量将会进一步减少。为了确保经济带沿线城市的有序扩张,建议在城市建设过程中以人为本,以水为生命线,以经济发展为动力,以城市规划为法定依据。

Cities along the Western Long Hai-Lan Xin Economic Zone are key regions during the great development of west China,while the development of these cities is seriously restricted by the shortage of water resources.So urban water resources utilization and shortage in the Western Long Hai-Lan Xin Economic Zone are analyzed.It is considered that most of those cities are short of water resources,yet many water resources are wasted.Restricted by water resources,the urbanization level of the Western Long Hai-Lan Xin Economic Zone is much lower than that of east China,and also lower than that of the whole country.But it is higher than that of west China,and much higher than that of Northwest China.The gross expansion is the main comprehensive characteristic of the urban expansion.The input and output benefit of water resources and land resources is very low.The development of those cities mainly depends on resources exploitation,so the quality of the urban expansion should be quickly improved.In the next20years,also restricted by the shortage of water resources,the speed of the urban expansion will become slow,and the extent of the urban expansion will be very small.The urban non-agricultural population will increase6310000.The urbanization level will increase7.21%and reach35.97%.The megalopolis along the Western Long Hai-Lan Xin Economic Zone still include Xi ’an,Lanzhou and Urumqi.Baoji,Xianyang,Tongchuan,Tianshui,Shihezi and Korle will become metropolises.The quantity of middle scale cities will become 14in2020instead of10in2000.The quantity of small scale cities will decrease.In order to realize the ordinal urban expansion along the Western Long Hai-Lan Xin Economic Zone,it is suggested that human should be taken as the foundation,water resources should be taken as the lifeline and urban planning should be taken as the legal base during the city construction.