全球技术空间体系及我国的对策初探

ANALYSIS ON THE GLOBAL SPATIAL SYSTEM OF TECHNOLOGY AND THE COUNTERMEASURES OF CHINA

全球技术空间体系是指技术存量在技术势差激励下 ,在全球范围内各区域间交流运动所形成的复杂空间网络。它突出地表现为技术存量在不同区域、不同等级的技术供给者、消费者以及联结它们的技术流通渠道中的交流运动。技术势差、技术廊道是全球技术空间体系形成的必要条件 ,而知识产权保护是保证技术流动长盛不衰的制度保障。本文仅从体系形成的基本条件、现实障碍、特征及区域效应等方面简要分析了全球技术空间体系的形成机制 ,进而探讨了中国面对全球技术空间体系的政策选择。

In the new century, technology will play a more and more important role in the d evelopment of regional economy. In the new era of knowledge economy, technology will become the most important factor in the competition among the regions. With the acceleration of globalization and the advancement of the science and techno logy revolution, the global spatial system of technology has gradually come into being. The global spatial system of technology is a complicated spatial net, which is f ormed by technology flows among regions in the world. It is mainly performed as the flows of technology among suppliers and demanders at different technological levels. Since the system will realize the two-win target for both sides of the technology diffusion and will make the developing countries obtain the dynamic comparative benefit, more and more countries have paid more attention to technol ogy diffusion and improved its environment. However, there are still three major factors to hinder the global spatial system of technology coming into existence : the extensively technology monopoly conducted by multinational corporations to benefit from the technological advantages on a larger scale; the difference of R&D capacity, which will be a major barrier for the developing countries to abso rb and utilize the advanced technology; the gap of cultural and social system, i ncluding the enhanced technology transfer within particular regional economic or ganizations. The global spatial system of technology has five main characteristics. Firstly, the system is opening, and all the countries can join in it and technology can f low all over the world. Secondly, the system is rivalrousness; all the attendees try to strive for superior positions. Thirdly, structure of the system is very complicated, and the flow of technology information will be bi-directional. Fou r thly, the system is unbalanced, and countries or regions in it are at different levels. Fifthly, technology power of different countries may develop at differen t velocity and the hierarchical structure is of variety. This paper also briefly put forward some suggestions for PRC. First of all, the Chinese spatial system of technology should be established to maximize the techn ology benefit. Only in this way, the limited technology resources in China may r ealize its best benefit. On the other hand, PRC still cant sustain many high r a nk technological centers. Only the most important cultural and economical megapo lis, such as Beijing and Shanghai, may realize the target.