《海洋自由论》及其国际法思想

On the Freedom of the Seas" and Its Ideas of International Laws

本文介绍了格老秀斯《海洋自由论》的主要内容及其蕴涵的国际法思想。格老秀斯以自然法理论为基础 ,从葡萄牙对东印度无主权、无权垄断海洋和海上航行权以及无权垄断国际贸易权等三个角度来阐释其海洋自由和贸易自由理论 ;其蕴涵的国际法思想主要有 :航行自由和捕鱼自由、贸易自由、无害通过权、人类共同财产及和平论与和平解决国际争端等。这些闪耀着国际法思想光芒的真知灼见对今天的国际海洋法制度有着深刻的影响。在强权政治仍然主宰世界的今天 ,重温格老秀斯的国际法思想 ,仍有着积极意义。

This paper introduces the main ideas of “On the Freedom of the Seas” written by Grotius, and discusses his profound thoughts on international laws. Proceeding from theories of law of nature, Grotius expounds his thoughts on freedom of navigation and freedom of trade from the three aspects of Portugal having no sovereignty over East India, no right to monopolize the seas or the right of navigation, and no right to monopolize the right of international trade. The thoughts of international law embodied in his writings consist mainly of freedom of navigation on the seas, freedom of fishing, freedom of trade, innocent passage, common human property, ideas on peace and peaceful settlement of international disputes. This author holds that these insightful thoughts imbued with the spirit of international law have profound influence on the current International Law of Seas, and even these thoughts alone constitute part of the Law of the Seas. In the present world dominated by power politics, it is of positive significance to review Grotius' thoughts of internal law.