发达国家科技预算管理体制及对中国的启示

The R&D Budget System in Developed Countries and Its Implication to China

国家科技预算体制是决定一个国家科技发展的重要因素。分析了发达国家所实行的科技预算体制的不同模式,并对其所依赖的基础作了分析。发达国家的科技预算体制有一些共同点,如大都有较好的科技预算协调机制,大都有一个在科技预算中起重要作用的部门,但似乎不存在最优的科技预算体制。发达国家的科技预算较分散,而追赶性国家的科技预算较集中。分析了发达国家科技预算体制对中国的启示,认为中国应该采取相对集中的科技预算管理体制,但要加强跨部门的协调,减少重复分散,最后提出了自己的建议。

National R&D budget system is a key factor in a country's R&D system. This approach analyses the different modes of R&D budget systems in developed countries and the base they depend on. The outhor finds that although their R&D budget systems have some similarities, such as balanced R&D budget mechanism, a dominating department in R&D budgeting, there is no best way of coordination among different organizations in S&T resources allocation. While the R&D budget systems in developed countries are relatively diversitified, pursuant countries' are relatively centralized. Finally the author discusses the inspiration for China from other countries' R&D budget systems, and suggests China adopt a relatively centralized R&D budget system, at the same time emphasize on the coordination of departments to reduce repetition and dispersion.