惩罚与保护的平衡点——刑事赔偿国家免责的理论与实践

Bancing between Penalty and Protection:The Theory and Practice of State Immunity from Criminal Compensation

在实现法治的过程中 ,国家权力与个人权利并非总是和谐一致 ,而是往往处于冲突之中 ,这一冲突在刑事司法领域表现尤为突出。刑事赔偿国家免责的理论与实践为解决这一冲突模式 ,特别是在中国现实司法语境中合理界定二者之间的边界 ,提供了一个有益的认识进路。在法治社会中 ,刑事赔偿国家免责条款所界定的国家权力与个人权利的平衡点 ,绝不是中间点 ,而应当向保护公民权利倾斜 ,即在国家权力和个人权利发生冲突的情形下 ,应该优先保护个人权利。

The state power and personal rights are not always in harmony. On the contrary, they often contradict to each other, particularly in the fields of criminal justice. How can we define a reasonable balancing point for the conflicts? The theory and practice of state immunity from criminal compensation provide possible solutions to the problem. They are also helpful in drawing a line between the two in the law enforcement in contemporary China. In a society ruled by law, the pivoting point that balances the state power and personal rights, defined in the propositions concerning the state immunity from criminal compensation, is by no means a middle point. It should be biased to the civil rights. In other words, in the conflicts of the state power and personal rights, priority should be taken to protect personal rights.