中国工业发展战略及政策的选择

Strategies and Policies of Industrial Development in China

本文认为 ,在加入WTO后的开放环境下 ,中国工业发展战略的调整应以产业结构战略为中心和依据 ,对外贸易战略和利用外资战略的取向应适应和服从产业结构战略的取向。继续加快以技术密集型产业比重上升为特征的工业结构升级 ,是产业结构战略的基本取向 ;以此为中心 ,对外贸易战略要以动态比较优势为基础 ,以比较优势的转换为导向 ,有选择地利用静态比较优势 ,有重点地运用逆比较优势战略 ,在WTO规则下有效地推行有保护的出口促进战略 ;利用外资战略要在实行国民待遇原则的基础上 ,尽量减少对外资的限制政策 ,有重点地实施必要的优惠政策 ,并与产业结构战略保持一致和协调。相应地 ,工业发展政策的调整要形成以产业结构政策为中心 ,以对外贸易政策和利用外资政策的调整为搭配的新格局 。

As a WTO member, the rationale and central industrial development strategy of China under the new policies of openness should be industrial structure to which foreign trade and FDI strategies should be subordinate and adapted. The basic content of industrial structural development strategy involves more and faster industrial structural upgrade featuring greater proportion of technology intensive industry. In the meantime, the foreign trade should be based on the dynamic relative advantages and oriented to the shift of relative advantage. The static relative advantage may be employed selectively, while reversed relative advantage may also be a tool after careful considerations. Export should be promoted and protected under the WTO rules. With the principle of national treatment to foreign investments, they should be given more freedom. There should also be necessary favorable policies that are in accordance with the industrial structural strategy. The adjustments of industrial development policies should also centered round the structural development, with the help of adjustments in foreign trade policies and FDI policies. The key point of industrial development policy in the new period rests in proper and effective government interference.