闽北方言的调值与"弱化声母"的拟测

Tone Values of the Northern Min Dialects and a Reconstruction of "Softened Initials"

罗杰瑞所拟测的原始闽语"弱化声母"而分化出的闽北方言的声调,从相关调型的音高来看,遵循了完全一致的类型。本文证明,该音高类型不可能解释为借入或层次造成的。它构成了支持罗杰瑞拟音的强有力证据,同时也为确定"弱化"声母的语音实质提供了依据。 本研究涉及八个闽北方言的材料,其中之一是本文首次描写的。文章证明,其中的某些方言构成了源头上有联系的土语群,该土语群的原始声调系统(包括绝对音高值)可以有把握地构拟。通过进一步的比较,整个原始闽北语的声调系统也可以构拟出来。原始闽北语具有八个调类和三套发音方法不同的塞音、塞擦音声母。根据声调的音高模式和普遍音理,本文将与罗杰瑞原始闽语"弱化声母"相对应的原始闽北语的声母,构拟为伴有气嗓音除阻的浊声母。

This paper demonstrates that Northern Min tonal splits which correlate with the'softened initials' of J. Noman's Proto-Min reconstruction follow a consistent pattern in terms of the pitch of the tonal contours involved. It is argued that this pitch pattern, which cannot be explained as the result of borrowing or layering, constitutes strong evidence in favor of Noman's reconstruction, while also providing grounds for specifying the phonetic nature of the 'softened initials. ' This paper references data from eight Northern Min dialects, including one described for the first time. It is argued that a subset of these dialects forms a genetically related subgroup, for which the proto-tone system (including absolute pitch values) can be reconstructed with considerable confidence. Through additional comparison, the reconstruction of the tone system of Proto-Northern Min [PNM] as a whole is also achieved. PNM is reconstructed with eight tones and a three-way manner distinction in obstruent initials. Based on pitch patterns and universal phonetic principles, the PNM initials corresponding to Norman's Proto-Min 'softened initials' are reconstructed as voiced initials with breathy release.