对比参照点的语用功能

The Pragmatic Functions of the Comparative Reference Point

人们在解决问题、进行筹划和言语交流时常常使用梯级推理。梯级含义就是人们借助于梯级推理而得出的言语含义。讲话人通过对语用梯级中的一个对比参照点的命题陈述或者通过对该对比参照点与目标点之间的关系的命题陈述来传递他关于同一语用梯级中的目标点的命题含义。对比参照点的概念功能表现为说理功能 ,人际功能表现为加强语气和传递语力的功能。本文先介绍梯级推理 ,解释梯级含义 ,归纳梯级含义的三种推导方法 ,然后例证对比参照点的语用功能。

Scalar implicatures are based on scalar reasoning, which is so pervasive in problem-solving, planning and communication. A pragmatic scale consists of objects, states or scenarios ordered along some relevant semantic dimension. Once ordered, statements concerning a comparative reference point or its relation with the target point of the scale implicate propositions about the target point. The ideational function of the comparative reference point is for argumentation, while the interpersonal function of it is for conveying intensive moods, attitudes and illocutionary forces. This paper examines the pragmatic functions of the comparative reference point after giving some ideas about scalar reasoning, scalar implicature as well as the three methods in deriving it.