试论外族文化对中古汉语词汇的影响

On the Influence of the Exotic Culture on the Middle Ancient Chinese Vocabulary

汉魏六朝时期外族文化对汉民族的衣食住行乃至语言文化都产生了很大影响。汉语吸收外来词有音译、意译、音义兼顾3种主要方式。逐步汉化了的外来词应该从声音与意义上进行溯源。

From the historical point of view, exotic culture has had a profound influence on the Chinese vocabulary. And yet it did comparatively strongly on that during the middle ancient time. This paper, by quoting the texts as examples, reveals the great influence of the exotic culture on the language and culture as well as living style of the Han people, and analyses the three main ways of Chinese language of recruiting the exotic words: a) transliterated words and their variants, including completely transliterated words and Chinese assimilating transliterated words; b) transcribed words and their variants, including wholly transcribed words and compound words; c) half transliterated and half transcribed words, including the ones integrated ingeniously with the meaning and grapheme indigenous to Chinese. The paper also explores the issue how the source of the loanword assimilated gradually to Chinese is traced from its sound and meaning.