元代直译体文献中的原因后置词“上/上头”

The Special Usage of Causal Postposition of Shang & Shangtou in the Translated Documents of the Yuan Dynasty

元代直译体文献中方位词“上/上头”的原因后置词的特殊用法,主要是直译中古蒙古语表示原因的后置词tula和形动词工具格附加成分-.ar /-bar的结果,并非宋元汉语所固有。直译体文献用“上/上头”对译tula和-.ar /-bar的原因:1. 两者语法位置相同;2. 宋元时期方位词“上/上头”语义进一步虚化,功能进一步扩大,与tula和-.ar/-bar有相通之处;元代非直译体文献中出现的原因后置词“上/上头”的用例,是中古蒙古语向元代汉语渗透的结果。

The paper reveals the special usage of causal postposition of Shang(上) & Shangtou(上头) in the translated documents of the Yuan Dynasty, and points out it was the result of mainly copying the causal postposition tula and the instrumental suffixes -.ar /-bar in Medieval Mongolian, not the innate usage of Chinese.The paper also explains the reasons why the Mongolian translators used Shang(上) & Shangtou(上头)to translate tula & -.ar /-bar:because they had the same grammatical position and similarity of function.The author holds that because of language contact, the usage of causal postposition of Shang(上)&Shangtou(上头)ever entered into Chinese of the Yuan Dynasty.