语法和词汇关系的共时与历时透视

On the Relation of Lexicon and Grammar on the Synchronic and Diachronic Plane

语法和词汇的关系体现在共时和历时两个平面上。共时平面上主要表现为词的词汇意义对词的语法功能的影响,词汇意义中的语义特征制约词的句法搭配,词的价特征以词汇意义为基础,词汇意义对词的分类有重要影响。在历时平面上,主要表现为句法结构对于词义的影响和词义变化对于词语法功能的影响,这种影响的结果可能导致实词的语法化。

The relation of grammar and lexicon is incarnated on the synchronic and diachronic plane. It mainly displays the influence of the lexicon meaning to its grammatical function of words on synchronic plane. The semantic feature in lexicon meaning restricts the syntactic collocation, the base of valence feature is lexicon meaning of words; the lexicon meaning has important influence on classification of words. It mainly displays the influences of syntactic construction to the lexicon meaning and the change of meaning to grammatical function of words on diachronic plane. The consequence of influence may lead to grammaticalization of content word.