战国秦汉时期女娲形象的演变

The Evolution of the Image of Nuwa during the Periods of the Warring States, Qin and Han

在上古神话传说体系中,女娲的形象从传世文献的角度考察,由战国中后期诗人笔下外在形象尚不确定的“女神”,到西汉文献中始与伏羲并列为“至德遗于后世”,崇尚“虚无纯一”的“圣王”;随着两汉之际“三皇”之说的复兴,由东汉前期“伏羲、神农、燧人(或祝融)”的“三皇”说,演进为东汉后期“伏羲、女娲、神农”的“三皇”系列,标志着女娲“圣王”形象的最终形成。

In the prehistoric legendary system and according to the literature available,the image of Nuwa was an indeterminate goddess in the eyes of the poets during the middle and latter half of the Warring States Period as far as her appearances were concerned;the image of Nuwa was a saint who advocated emptiness and purity and ranked with Fuxi as the people with consummate morality in the literature of Western Han Dynasty. With the revival of the doctrine of three empresses during the time between the Western Han and Eastern Han dynasties, the doctrine of three empresses (Fuxi, Shennong, Suiren or Zhurong) at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty evolved into the series of three empresses (Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong) at the latter stage of the Eastern Han Dynasty, marking the eventual formation of the image of Nuwa as a saint.