西方就业与失业问题的理论政策及其借鉴

Employment and Unemployment Theories and Policies in the Western Countries and Lessons

本文分析了西方就业与失业理论政策的产生与发展。在这些理论与政策的指导下 ,从 2 0世纪30年代开始 ,西方各国政府把促进就业作为经济和社会政策的主要目标 ,并根据经济发展中失业的特点 ,运用多种政策手段 ,有针对性地对付各种类型的失业 ,以降低失业率 ,实现充分就业。我国在二元经济结构转换和经济体制改革过程中 ,出现了严峻的就业压力。应借鉴各国经验 ,根据我国国情 ,制定积极的就业政策 ,促进就业。

In this paper,the author first has an analysis about the origin and development of the employment and unemployment theories and policies in the Western countries.With the help of such theories and policies,governments in the Western countries have focused their energy on the increase of employment in their economic and social policies since 1930's.Furthermore,to lower the unemployment rate and realize proper employment,governments in the Western countries adopt different policy measures to deal with different kinds of employment with their own features resulted from the economic development.the Chinese government now faces big pressure from employment during the transition of bipolar economic structure and the reform of the economic structure.In this regard,we can practically shape our active employment policy by learning from the Western countries so as to increase employment in China.