生物慢滤技术用于农村饮水处理的研究

STUDY OF RURAL DRINKING WATER PROCESSING WITH BIO-SLOW SAND FILTRATION

研究了适用于我国农村的小型分散式饮水处理技术——生物慢滤技术。用玉渊潭引水渠的微污染河水模拟研究了滤料粒径、滤料高度等因素对生物慢滤处理效果的影响 ,以及生物慢滤池对农村水环境中常见的污染物如重金属、有机物、氨氮、浊度、细菌等的去除。实验结果表明 :1 )在滤料表面形成稳定成熟的生物粘膜所需的时间与滤料粒径有关 ;2 )滤料表面一旦形成稳定成熟的生物粘膜 ,氨氮、有机物、浊度等的去除率与滤料粒径关系不大 ;但细菌的去除效果与滤料粒径有很大的关系 ,滤料粒径越小 ,对细菌的去除效果越好。 3)滤料高度对有机物、氨氮的处理效果有一定的影响 ,但慢滤池对这些污染物的去除主要发生在 50 cm高度内 ;4)生物慢滤对 TOC的去除率为 2 0 %～ 30 % ,对氨氮的去除率为 90 %以上 ,对 Cu2 + 、Cd2 + 、Fe2 + 、Zn2 + 、Mn2 + 和 Pb2 + 的去除率分别在 97%、95%、95%、88%、70 %和 60 %以上 ;5) III至 V类微污染水经生物慢滤处理后 ,不经消毒即可达到生活饮用水的卫生标准。

The present paper aims to introduce a bio-slow sand filtration method for processing rural drinking water sources. The present paper begins with the study of the effects of sand particle size and bed depth for the bio-slow sand filtration. The removing effect of pollutants in the rural water environment, such as heavy metal elements, organic substances, ammonia and bacteria by bio-slow sand filtration has also been investigated. The experimental results show that (1) the time needed for forming a steady and ripen schmutzdecke in bio-slow sand filter has positive relationship with the sand particle size; (2) the removal efficiency of ammonia-nitrogen, COD and turbidity has no relationship with sand particle size in case that a steady and ripen schmutzdecke in bio-slow sand filter has been formed. However, the removal efficiency of bacteria seems not to have any close relation with the sand particle size; (3) The removal efficiency of bio-slow sand filtration on TOC proves about 20-30%, above 90% on ammonia and over 97% on Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+), Fe^(2+), Zn^(2+), Mn^(2+) and Pb^(2+) was 95%, 95%, 88%, 70% and 60%, respectively.