地理信息系统应用于油气勘探开发的历史、现状与发展趋势

History,actuality and development trend of GIS applied to exploration and development of oil and gas

地理信息系统 (GIS)是处理空间数据的软件系统 ,其基本模块包括空间数据的组织、查询、可视化及空间关系分析与决策支持 ,主要功能为空间数据的获取、管理、分析及可视化表达。作为地理信息科学的重要组成部分 ,地理信息系统在社会生活的各领域已得到了越来越广泛的应用 ,它的广泛应用为油气勘探开发研究中的古构造重建、储层研究、油气运移路径分析及资源评价等提供了新的信息处理辅助手段和工具。本文分析了地理信息系统在油气勘探开发中的地位和作用 ,详细介绍了它在油气勘探开发中的应用的历史和现状 ,并结合当前地理信息系统领域的研究热点和油气勘探开发研究的实际 。

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)are software systems dealing with spatial data. The core modules of GIS include spatial data organization,inquiry, visualization, spatial analysis, and decision-support. The dominant functions of GIS are spatial data capture, management, analysis, and visualization expression. As a very important makeup member, GIS has been widely applied in all fields of social lives. The application of GIS has provided us a new assistant tool for processing the information on the study of oil and gas exploration and development, such as palaeotectonic reconstruction, reservoir research, analysis of oil and gas migration path, and oil and gas resources accessment. This paper first gives a brief functional introduction of GIS, and analyzes the action of GIS on oil and gas exploration and development. Then, it gives a detailed presentation about the history and actuality of the application of GIS to oil and gas exploration and development. Finally, combined with the research hotspots in GIS field and the status of oil and gas exploration and development research, it discusses the application outlook and development trend of GIS in oil and gas exploration and development.