煤矿开采沉陷有效控制的新途径

A New Method for Ground Subsidence Control in Coal Mining

开采沉陷是造成矿区环境地质灾害的直接根源,有效控制和减轻地面沉陷程度是减轻或避免开采沉陷环境灾害的根本之路.针对这一问题,分析了充填开采、条带开采和覆岩离层注浆岩层控制技术的优缺点,根据荷载置换原理,提出了"条带开采—注浆充填固结采空区—剩余条带开采"的三步法(二次条带式)开采沉陷控制的新思路.进行了三步法开采沉陷控制的可行性研究.初步分析表明,采用三步法开采可以实现对岩层移动和地表沉陷的有效控制,地表下沉系数可控制在0.25左右,煤炭采出率可达到80%～90%,可基本实现地面建筑物不搬迁和大幅度减轻土地塌陷灾害.

Mining subsidence is a direct source of environmental geological disaster in coal mine. To control or lighten the degree of mining subsidence is the basic way of reducing or avoiding the environmental disaster caused by underground mining. Advantages and disadvantages of mining with stowing, grouting in bed-separation of overburden and mining in strips for ground subsidence control are analyzed. Based on the principle of load replacement a new method for ground subsidence control of 3-step mining, stripping mining-goaf grouting, and filling-strip pillar mining is advanced. The feasibility studies of the method were carried out. The result shows that the mining subsidence can be controlled effectively using the 3-step mining. The final ground subsidence factor can be controlled in 0.25. The coal recovery will be 80%~90%. It will come true for coal mining without removing buildings over the working faces and for decreasing the land subsidence to a great degree.