南亚热带丘陵赤红壤区农业可持续发展的土壤水分管理探讨

Management of Soil Water for Agriculture Sustainable Development in Latored Soils of South Subtropical Hilly Area

南亚热带丘陵赤红壤地区水热资源丰富,可大力发展荔枝、龙跟、香蕉、芒果等岭南佳果基地和高效益的蔬菜基地,是广东省以至全国的一块得天独厚的宝地。分析了南亚热带的自然概况、广东南亚热带地区的资源优势及丘陵赤红壤的特征。研究了广东省南亚热带丘陵赤红壤受气候因素的制约,土壤贮水库容和有效库容小,下层非饱和导水率及土壤水力扩散度低等水分特性及问题。提出了改善生态环境,利用生物或工程措施截流降雨、减少地表径流,提高降雨入流率从而增加土壤贮水量和有效贮水量。通过改良土壤,提高土壤保水性能和土壤供水能力,采取防止或减缓土壤水分蒸发措施,发展节水灌溉技术等土壤水分调控与管理技术措施。

There are affluent water and thermal resources in latored soils of south subtropical hilly area, which has an advantage to develop tropical fruit and vegetables like litchi, longan, banana, mango and so on. An introduction of natural conditions of south subtropics, superiority of south subtropics in Guangdong Province and characteristics of latored soils region is presented in this paper. But the soil water storage capacity and the available water content are very little, combined with low unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic diffusivity because of the restriction of climate factors. Some biological or engineering technical measurements of regulating and managing soil moisture properly are advised to improve soil and prevent or lessen soil evaporation.