松嫩平原水资源可持续利用战略探讨

Discussion of Strategies for Sustainable Water Resource Utilization on Songnen Plain

松嫩平原是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,水资源短缺和不合理利用,严重制约着该区社会经济可持续发展。针对区域水资源时空分布特征与开发利用现状、生态环境用水和工农业发展需水的趋势,提出了水资源可持续利用3大战略:(1)保证生态环境需水,改善区域生态环境;(2)走节约型发展道路,持续高效利用水资源;(3)实施水资源优化配置,保证生态环境与社会经济协调、持续、稳定发展。

Songnen Plain is an important productive base of commodity grain in China. Sustainable social and economic development of this region has been seriously restricted by water shortage and irrational utilization. Unreasonable utilization of water resources has many impacts, such as drawing down groundwater levels, shrinking wetland areas and inducing secondary saline alkaline soil, etc. According to time-space distribution and utilization status of water resources, eco-environment water demand and water supply for industry and agriculture, three strategies for sustainable use are put forward- (1) water must be allocated to the eco-environment in order to improve the quality of the regional ecoenvironment by, for example, protecting and reconstructing wetlands and managing groundwater levels to prevent waterlogging, salinisation, alkalinization and desertification; (2) water-saving practices must be developed for agriculture, industry and society, to utilize water effectively and efficiently; (3) water resources should be collocated in space and time to enable optimal water use and management and to ensure concurrent and stable development of the ecoenvironment, society and the economy.