云南纳帕海岩溶湿地生态环境变化及驱动机制

The Ecological Environment Degradation and Degradation Mechanism of Napahai Karst Wetland in Southwestern Yunnan Plateau

利用原状土就地取样野外定位研究方法,对云南西北高原的纳帕海岩溶湿地生态环境状况进行的2年定位研究表明,纳帕海湿地生态环境破坏严重,表现为湿地面积不断缩小,沼泽类型改变,沼泽旱化、沙化,中旱生植物侵入,沼泽发生逆向生态演替,生物多样性减少,土壤养分衰减退化,土壤酶活性降低,水质变劣.分析了引起纳帕海湿地环境变化的自然因素和人为因素,表明人为活动干扰是引起其湿地生态环境退化的主要原因.

Based on in-situ technique of locating experiment site,a two-year study on the degrada-tion of Napahai Karst wetland,northwestern Yunnan Plateau was carried out.The results show that there are significantly ecological environment deteriorations that are destroying the wetland.Those deteriorations include wetland shrinking,type of marsh alternation,aridity and sandification,retrogressive ecological succession,mesophytes and xerophytes instead of helo-phytes,biodiversity decline,soil subsidence,water quality decline and soil enzymes activities changes.The causes of natural water drainage from limestone geological structure and human interferences like over pasture,wetland reclamation and cultivation are discussed,among which the human interferences are the main driving factor that degrade the ecological environment of Napahai Karst wetland.