虚拟环境中人的操作判断及反应特性的实验研究

Experimental Study on Human Reaction of Determination and Performance in Virtual Environment

目的研究被试者头戴头盔显示器、着数据手套在虚拟环境中进行操作时的判断及反应特性 ,探索利用虚拟现实系统获取工效学实验数据的真实性 ,以增强虚拟环境应用的可信度 ,为虚拟现实技术在载人航天中深层次的应用 (如人机界面设计方案模型的工效评价、虚拟训练 )提供数据支撑。方法利用自行开发与集成的虚拟现实实验系统 ,选定被试者并完成虚拟环境中人的操作判断及反应特性的实验设计。首先进行预实验 ,确定判断目标的差别等级和虚拟台体的高度 ,然后开始单因素的完全随机正式实验 ,同时设计主观问卷表对被试者进行虚拟效果的真实感调查。结果被试者戴头盔显示器、利用数据手套将虚拟乘员舱内抽屉中的小球放置在一台体上的作业时间服从均值 36.72s、方差 1 3.798s正态分布。调查显示 70 .2 %的被试者认为头盔显示器的立体效果明显 ,可以产生一种沉浸感 ,作业感受与真实世界一样。结论建立虚拟环境进行人机界面的工效评价或操作虚拟训练时 ,首先应使系统硬件能够模拟真实任务背景 ,关键是头盔显示器和数据手套的交互性满足需要。这样 ,人在其中的判断及反应操作与真实世界就可以类比 ,从而可保证评价或训练效果的有效性。

Objective To study factuality of ergonomic experimental data from subjects performing virtual environment wearing head mounted display(HMD) and data gloves, so as to improve the reliability of the application of virtual reality in manned spaceflight(e.g. human machine interface design scheme ergonomic evaluation, and virtual training). Method Experiment in a virtual module is designed and implemented on the virtual reality ergonomic experimental system. First, pre experiments are done to determine the different levels of objects to be operated and the height of a virtual table which is in the virtual module. On the basis of the pre experiments, the formal experiments are completed. In addition, a virtual reality questionnaire(VRQ) is developed and employed in order to assess subjective impressions of the virtual environment. Result Normal distribution of performing time is shown when a virtual sphere is put into a drawer of standard cabinet of virtual module on a front table by subjects wearing HMD, its mean value being 36.72 s and variance being 13.798 s. By VRQ analysis, about 70.2% of the subjects thought that HMD has a good stereo quality, they can be immersed in the virtual module. Conclusion When virtual reality is applied in ergonomic evaluation or virtual training, the HMD and data glove of the system would satisfy the requirements of human computer interaction, so that human performance can be analogized and corresponding truth of experimental result can be achieved.