新疆天山山区近40年春季气候变化特征与平原区的比较

Features of Spring Climate Change in Tianshan Mountainous Area for the Recent 40 Years and Comparison with that in Plain Area of Xinjiang

利用新疆 195 9～ 1998年的春季温度降水资料 ,分析了天山山区近 4 0年来春季气候变化的基本特征 ,并与南疆、北疆进行了比较。所得的主要结果如下 :(1)天山山区在春季温度的冷暖变化阶段上 1981年前与北疆的相似 ,1981年后与南疆相似。 (2 )天山山区在春季降水量干湿变化阶段上与北疆的相似性强于南疆。 (3)春季温度空间分布的同步变化性以北疆为最好 ,南疆最差 ,天山山区居中 ,而春季温度空间分布的反向变化性 ,以南疆为最大 ,北疆最小 ,天山山区居中。春季降水空间分布的同步变化性北疆较好 ,天山山区和南疆较差 ,而春季降水空间分布的反向变化性 ,以天山山区为最大 ,北疆最小 ,南疆居中。 (4 )三大区域的春季温度均表现为 2 0世纪 6 0与 90年代偏高 ,70和 80年代偏低。天山山区与北疆从 6 0年代到 90年代 ,春季降水均表现出了持续的增加的趋势 ,南疆春季降水除 6 0年代外 ,不断增多。 90年代是新疆三大区域春季降水最多的年代。⑸北疆和南疆近 4 0年的春季最低温度存在着显著的增温趋势 ,增温率北疆大于南疆。

The basic features of spring climate change in Tianshan mountainous area for the recent 40 years are analyzed and compared with those of plain area in the Southern and Northern Xinjiang. The main results are as follows: (1)The warm-cold stages of spring mean temperature in Tianshan mountainous area are similar with that in the Northern Xinjiang before 1981 and that in the Southern Xinjiang after 1981. (2)The similarity of wet-dry stage of spring precipitation between Tianshan mountainous area and the Northern Xinjiang is better than those in the Southern Xinjiang.(3)The synchronous change of spatial distribution of spring mean temperature is the best in the Northern Xinjiang, the worst in the Southern Xinjiang and well in Tianshan mountainous area. But the reverse change of spatial distribution of spring mean temperature is the greatest in the Southern Xinjiang in Tianshan mountainous area, the least in the Northern Xinjiang and lesser in Tianshan mountainous area. The synchronous change of spatial distribution of spring precipitation is better in the Northern Xinjiang, and inferior in the Southern Xinjiang and in Tianshan mountainous area. But the reverse change of spatial distribution of spring precipitation is the greatest in Tianshan mountainous area, the least in the Northern Xinjiang and lesser in the Southern Xinjiang.(4)The spring mean temperature is above the mean in 1960s and 1990s and is below the mean in 1970s and 1980s for the three large regions. From 1960s to 1990s, spring precipitation changes in Tianshan mountainous area and the Northern Xinjiang show continuously increasing trend, but spring precipitation in the Southern Xinjiang continuously increase except 1970s.The spring precipitation in 1990s is the most for the three large regions.(5)For the recent 40 years, the spring mean minimum temperature show a significant increasing trend for the Northern Xinjiang and the Southern Xinjiang. And the warming rate in the Northern Xinjiang is greater than that in the Southern Xinjiang.