上海地区294例健康儿童平板运动试验的生理指标评价

Evaluation of physiological index on treadmill exercise testing of 294 healthy children in Shanghai area

目的 研究儿童极量平板运动试验的运动耐量 ,以及心率、血压和心电图变化规律 ,以期建立我国儿童平板运动试验的正常参考值。方法 运用活动平板运动机按照Bruce方案对 2 94名5～ 14岁健康儿童进行极量平板运动试验。结果 运动耐量随年龄的增长逐步增加 ,男孩从 12 2代谢当量 (METs) (5～ 6岁 )到 15 2METs(13～ 14岁 ) ;女孩从 11 7METs(5～ 6岁 )到 12 6METs(13～ 14岁 ) ,除 5～ 6岁年龄组外 ,其余各组运动耐量男孩均比女孩高。运动耐量与身高 /体重比无明显相关性。极量心率为 187～ 2 35次 /min ,无明显性别和年龄差异。收缩压随运动强度的增加而增加 ,运动停止后 6min血压恢复静息水平。舒张压可升高、下降或不变。运动试验诱发心律失常的发生率为1 7%。结论 运动耐量有显著的性别和年龄差异 ,以MET为基本单位来表示运动耐量 ,有利于将不同运动方案的极量与亚极量运动负荷标准化。无器质性心脏病的儿童极量运动后恢复期早期出现一过性心律失常不能界定为病理性期前收缩 ,可随访观察。

Objective Dynamic exercise is often used to evaluate the backlog function of cardiovascular system, and the treadmill test is a commonly used dynamic exercise protocol. The study aimed to assess the exercise capacity and cardiovascular response to treadmill exercise in healthy children, and create normal reference values of exercise testing in native children. Methods Two huadveds and ninety-four healthy children aged 5 to 14 years were tested using the Bruce protocol on treadmill. Results Mean exercise capacity in boys increased from 12.2 METs at the age of 5 to 6 years, to 15.2 METs at the age of 13 to 14 years. Mean exercise capacity in girls increased from 11.7 METs at the age of 5 to 6 years, to 12.6 METs at the age of 13 to 14 years. Sex difference was obvious in exercise capacity of children except those at the age of 5 to 6 years. There was no obvious correlation between exercise capacity and the ratio of weight to height. Maximal heart rate ranged from 187 to 235 beats/min. Systolic blood pressure increased gradually until peak exercise was achieved. The mean systolic blood pressure of boys at maximal exercise increased by 38.6 percent compared to resting level, and the girls increased by 34.4 percent. After maximal exercise, mean systolic blood pressure reached resting level in 6 minutes but diastolic blood pressure varied. All children had sinus rhythm at rest. No arrhythmia was recorded during treadmill exercise. However, arrhythmia was found in five children in early recovery period. The incidence of exercise-induced arrhythmia was 1.7 percent. Conclusion Sex difference and age difference was obvious in exercise capacity. In the 21st century, the exercise capacity of children in Shanghai area has approached to the developed country. Using MET as the standardized criterion of exercise capacity is advantageous to standardize maximal or submaximal exercise workloads of all kinds of protocols. Exercise-induced arrhythmia in the early recovery period in children without structural heart disease may not be pathological, but it is necessary for those children to be followed-up.