严重急性呼吸综合征的临床分析

CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME

目的 探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS) ,特别是重症SARS的临床特点。方法 对解放军第 30 2医院收治的 70例SARS患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 患者年龄 10～ 74岁 (33 81± 12 73岁 ) ,其中重症 38例 ,非重症 32例。其症状主要表现为 :发热、乏力、咳嗽、气促、头痛等 ,热程为 7 2 0± 4 5 7天。根据胸片表现及症状把SARS分为初期、进展期、恢复期 ,各期时间为 3 19± 2 32、8 18± 4 36、8 82± 7 0 1天。随着年龄增高重症比例增高 ;重症SARS体温较非重症组难控制 (最高体温 38 74± 0 97℃和 38 0 2±0 14℃) ,病程明显较非重症组长 (2 7 78± 9 99天与 14 93± 5 80天 ) ;重症组ALT、LDH、HBDH升高比例也较非重症组明显增高 (ALT :78 95 %与 5 0 0 0 % ;LDH、HBDH :4 2 11%与 18 75 % )。年龄大 ,合并慢性疾病 ,LDH、HBDH明显升高是预后不良的预测因素之一 ;治疗以综合方疗法为主 ,经验性使用糖皮质激素对阻止病情进展有一定疗效。结论 重症SARS虽然病情较重 ,死亡率高 ,但经综合治疗可取得较好疗效。

Objective To explore the clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods Clinical data of 70 patients with SARS were retrospectively analyzed. Results The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 74 years old (mean age 33.81±12.73 years). Severe type of SARS was diagnosed in 38 patients and 32 as common type of SARS. The most common symptoms included fever(98.57%), malaise(80.00%), cough(74.28%), shortness of breath (55.71%), headache(38.57%). The fever lasted for 7.20±4.57d. Based on the symptoms and chest X-ray examination, the disease was classified into early stage, progressive stage, and recovery stage with a mean duration of 3.19±2.32d, 8.18±4.36d, and 8.82±7.01d, respectively. It was found that the incidence of severe type of SARS was higher with the increase of age. Compared with common type of SARS, the fever in patients with severe type of SARS was more difficult to control (the mean highest fever 38.74±0.97℃, 38.02±0.14℃, respectively). The duration of fever after treatment (4.12±3.19d, 2.37±1.75d, respectively) was longer in the illness course (27.78±9.99d, 14.93±5.80d, respectively). The ALT, LDH and HBDH in patients with severe type of SARS were higher than those in patients with common type of SARS (ALT:78.95%,50.00%, respectively; LDH, HBDH:42.11%, 18.75%, respectively). Advanced age, pre-existing chronic disease, and elevation of LDH and HBDH were the factors of poor prognosis. Combination therapy was the first choice for the treatment of SARS. Empirical use of glucocorticoid was useful in preventing progression of the disease. Conclusion Although severe type of SARS had a high mortality, combination therapy could be very effective in the treatment of the majority of patients.