企业人力资本投资的困境

Firm's Dilemma about Human Capital Investment

本文以产权理论为依据,分析了企业人力资本投资的困境。人力资本的天然私有性使得企业进行培训投资的直接结果是受训者人力资本水平的提高,企业在与培训后雇员的谈判关系中处于不利地位,企业必须将培训的部分收益给予雇员,形成企业人力资本投资的困境,从而对企业事前的培训投资产生一定的扭曲。只有当预期未来收益足够高时,企业才会提供培训。各种影响企业获得收益的因素都会对企业的培训产生影响。

On-the-job training is an important way for enterprise to invest in human capital and obtain core competitiveness. For the human capital naturally belongs to its carrier, the result of the investment is that the employee who receives training has higher ability. Also for the reason, work is under employee's control. In order to encourage the employee to stay in the enterprise and work hard, the boss has to increase employee's wage. Then some revenue from human capital investment is transferred to employee and the revenue gained by the boss is decreased. This will distort the corporation's investment. The corporation will invest only if the expected revenue is high enough. All the facts that affect the revenue will influence firm's investment decision. Such facts include the sort of the job, the labor mobility, the duration of the employment contract. Corporation will provide more training if its dilemma can be solved.